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Wednesday, December 18, 2024

Major types of Electric Vehicles in the world

               Nexon EV     mahindra be6e


Several types of electric vehicles (EVs) are available in the market, each with unique characteristics and ways of using electricity as a power source. Here's a breakdown of the main types:  

1. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)  or Pure EVs

  • How they work: These are "pure" electric vehicles that run solely on electricity stored in a battery pack. They have no internal combustion engine (ICE).  
  • Key features:
    • Plug-in charging: BEVs are plugged into an external power source (charging station or wall outlet).  
    • Zero tailpipe emissions: They produce no emissions from the vehicle itself.  
    • Examples: TATA Nexon, TATA Tiago, Mahindra XEV 9e and BE 6e, Tesla Model S etc...

2. Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)

  • How they work: HEVs combine an electric motor with a traditional internal combustion engine (usually gasoline). The electric motor assists the engine, improving fuel efficiency.  
  • Key features:
    • Regenerative braking: HEVs capture energy during braking and use it to recharge the battery.  
    • Cannot be plugged in: The engine and regenerative braking charge the battery, not an external source.
    • Examples: Maruti Grand Vitara, Toyota Innova Hycross, Honda City e: HEV

3. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)

  • How they work: PHEVs are similar to HEVs, but they have a larger battery pack and can be plugged in to charge. They can also drive for a certain distance on electric power alone.  
  • Key features:
    • Dual power sources: Can run on electricity, gasoline, or a combination of both.
    • Longer electric range than HEVs: Allows for some emission-free driving.  
    • Examples: Chevrolet Volt, Toyota Prius Prime, Mercedes AMG GT 63 SE and BMW XM.

4. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs)  

  • How they work: FCEVs use a fuel cell to generate electricity from hydrogen. They combine hydrogen with oxygen from the air to produce electricity, with water as the only byproduct.  
  • Key features:
    • Refuelled with hydrogen: Similar to refuelling a gasoline car, but with hydrogen instead.
    • Zero tailpipe emissions: Only emit water vapour.
    • Examples: Toyota Mirai, Hyundai Nexo


BEV

HEV

PHEV

FCEV

Power Source

Battery only

Engine + Electric Motor

Engine + Electric Motor + Plug-in Charging

Hydrogen Fuel Cell

Charging

Plug-in

Self-charging

Plug-in + Self-charging

Hydrogen refueling

Range

Long

Short

Medium

Long

Tailpipe Emissions

Zero

Reduced

Reduced/Zero (in EV mode)

Zero

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