What are the do's and dont's to keep Lithium Ion battery Safe & Healthy?

 

Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) cells arranged in parallel to increase capacity; 3.2V 700AH

The industry follows some dos and don'ts for the safe operation of LFP(Lithium Ferrous Phosphate) or any other lithium-based batteries, which are as follows.

Do's:

1. Store at Ideal SOC: Always store lithium batteries or EV batteries at an ideal state of charge (SOC) between 40% and 60% for longer periods.

2. Hazardous Safety: Keep the batteries away from hazardous materials, such as fire, oils, explosives, and similar substances.

3. Adequate Ventilation: Ensure adequate ventilation if storing more than one lithium battery in a single location.

4. Optimal temperature: Store lithium batteries at an optimal temperature range of 20°C to 45°C.

5. Optimal Charge: Charge the EV battery or vehicle to 100% SOC at least once a week to calibrate the Battery Management System (BMS) for SOC correction.

6. Physical Verification: During general service checks at the dealership, inspect for any dents or rust underneath the tray of the lithium battery.

Don'ts:

1. Avoid Using Incompatible Chargers: Do not charge lithium-based batteries with chargers meant for VRLA or lead-acid batteries. Always use the charger provided by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM), or ensure that any alternative charger is equipped with the appropriate charging methodology for lithium batteries.

2. Optimal State of Charge (SoC): Lithium-ion batteries should be stored at 50% to 60% of their state of charge for long durations (2 to 4 months). Additionally, it's important to top up the charge every 6 months if the battery is not in use.

3. Charging Speed Matters: Avoid ultra-fast chargers, as they can impose high stress on the battery and reduce lifespan. While occasional fast charging is acceptable, it’s always preferable to use slow charging methods.

4. Regular Charging: Users should charge the battery to full at least twice a week and ensure that the state of charge does not drop below 20%. Both high and very low SOC can damage lithium battery cells.

5. Temperature Considerations: Do not charge the battery in extremely cold temperatures. 

By following these guidelines, you can ensure safer and more reliable operation of lithium-based batteries.